Table of Contents

· Introduction

· What’s the Purpose of this Book?

· What the Book Is and What the Book Is Not

• The Opportunities and Performance Gaps We Seek to Meet

• The Individuals Who Might Find this Book Useful

· Coursework with Simulated Cases and Real Clients

· Our Organizational Strategy for this Book

· Writing Style

· Our Biographies

• Lisa A. Giacumo

• Steven W. Villachica

• Donald A. Stepich

· Acknowledgements

· References

· Introduction

· Why Incorporate DEI into ID?

· Guiding Principles

• Principle #1: Inclusive Design

• Principle #2: Performance-Based Learning and Development

· The LeaPS ID Model

• Four Components

• Three Larger Systems

· Case Study

· Reflection Questions

· References

· Introduction

· ID Project Management

• The Business Case

• The Project Plan

• Scope Creep

• Project Scale

· Cast of Characters

• Instructional Designers

• ID Project Managers

• ID Team

• Sponsors and Clients

• Learners

• Subject Matter Experts (a.k.a. “SMEs”)

• Stakeholders

· Case Study

· Reflection Questions

· References

· Introduction

· Why Use a Collaborative ID Approach?

• Contextualized and Culturally Relevant Learning Is Effective Learning

• Learners May Resist Change that Is Forced Upon Them

• Towards E3+ with Culturally Relevant and Equitable Learning Designs

· Managing Iterative Workflows in ID Projects

• Scale Feedback Mechanisms

· Find, Recognize, and Pay Feedback Collaborators

· Place Formative Evaluation Loops

· Communicate and Coordinate

• Use and Adapt Templates

· Case Study

· Reflection Questions

· References

· Introduction

· LeaPS ID Model: Empathize & Analyze

• E&A Deliverables

• Why this Component Is Important

· LeaPS ID Model Assumptions

• Assumption 1: An L&D System Gap Worth Closing Exists

• Assumption 2: Adequate Sponsorship Exists

· Learner and Environmental Analysis

• Why Conduct a Learner and Environmental Analysis (LEA)?

· Task Analysis

• Why Conduct a Task Analysis?

• What Is a Task?

• Types of Tasks

· Learning Requirements Analysis

• Why Conduct a Learning and Requirements Analysis?

• Types of Learning Intervention Configurations

· Towards Design Justice During Empathize & Analyze

• Data Collection Considerations

• Empathizing Techniques

· Case Study

· Reflection Questions

· References

· Introduction

· Towards Design Justice in Empathizing with Learners

· Learner and Environmental Analysis (LEA)

• What LEA Data Do You Need?

• Step 1. Prepare to Conduct Your Learner Analysis

• Step 2. Collect and Analyze Data about Learners

• Step 3. Report Learner Analysis Results

• Step 4. Prepare to Conduct Your Environmental Analysis

• Step 5. Collect and Analyze Data about Environmental Factors

• Step 6. Report Learn and Environmental Analysis Findings

· Task Analysis

• Collect and Analyze Data about Critical Tasks

• Analyze Procedures

• Step 1. Prepare to Conduct the Task Analysis

• Step 2. Refine the Task Characteristics

• Step 3. Refine the Task List

• Step 4. Highlight What the Intervention Will Address

• Step 5. Add Any Footnotes

• Step 6. Complete the Task Analysis Deliverable

• Task Analysis Variations for Concepts and Processes

• Write Your Task Analysis Deliverable

· Learning Requirements Analysis

• Step 1. Prepare to Conduct the LRA

• Step 2. Chunk the Critical Tasks

• Step 3. Specify Initial Configurations for Each Critical Task

· Case Study

· Reflection Questions

· References

· Introduction

· Combining Design and Development in a Single Component

• Do I Really Have to Design Everything Before I Start Development?

• How Much Overlap and Iteration Does a Project Need?

• What Should I Do If I Don’t Have All the Inputs the LeaPS ID Model Says I Should Have?

· Backwards Design

· Design Documents

• Do I Really Need to Create Design Documents?

· Performance Requirements (PR)

• From Critical Tasks (AKA Objectives) to Performance Requirements

• Writing Performance Requirements

• What Happens to Performance Requirements?

• Final Words about Performance Requirements

· Case Study

· Reflection Questions

· References

· Introduction

· Towards Inclusive Design in Creating Assessments and Specifying Instructional Strategies

· Creating Assessments

• Questions about Assessments

• General Assessment Strategies

· Performance Assessments

• Questions About Performance Assessments

• Considerations in Creating Performance Assessments

• Create a PAI

· Knowledge Assessments

• Why Use Knowledge Assessments?

• Quiz Design

• Self-Assessment Design

• Feedback Strategies

· Instructional Strategies and Activities

• Instructional Strategies

• Instructional Activity Examples

• Planning For Feedback in Instructional Activities

· Case Study

· Reflection Questions

· References

· Introduction

· Formal versus Informal Learning

· Repurposing Informal Learning

· Selecting Formal Non-Instructional Learning Solutions

· Planning Non-Instructional Learning Solutions

• Planning

• Ensuring Formal Non-Instructional Solutions Are Culturally Relevant and Inclusive

· Case Study

· Reflection Questions

· References

· Introduction

· Collaborative Process Strategies to Build Learning and Development (L&D) Interventions

· Technical Output Strategies to Build Effective L&D Interventions

· Job Aids: Why Use Them and How to Build Them

• Combine Multiple Job Aid Formats to Create Systems of Instruction and Performance Support

• Flipping a Task Analysis into a Job Aid

• Job Aid Templates for Prototyping and Developing Interventions

• Job Aid Prototypes and Formative Evaluation

· Sequencing Multiple Performance Outcomes and Tasks into an Instructional Intervention

· Multifaceted Program Design & Development

• Map the Multifaceted Program Out at a High Level

· Formative Evaluation of Instructional and Non-Instructional Interventions and Programs

· Case Study

· Reflection Questions

· References

· Introduction

· Performance Support

· EPSSs, PSSs, and MPSSs

• EPSSs

• PSSs

• MPSSs

• Learning and Performance Ecosystems

• Learning Programs versus Learning Ecosystems

· Benefits

· Design and Maintenance Considerations

• Phase 1: Identify the Embedded Components

• Phase 2: Map Out Success Measures

• Phase 3: Organize the Components

• Phase 4: Create Prototypes and Journey Maps

• Phase 5: Build High-level and Detailed Design Documents

· Towards Inclusive Design for Learning and Performance Ecosystems

· Case Study

· Reflection Questions

· References

· Introduction

· Towards Inclusive Design in Developing Instruction

· Sequence the Performance Requirements

· Convert Performance Requirements into Learning Objectives

· Sequence Units of Instruction

• Write an Instructional Unit

• Scalability of Instructional Units

• Common Errors Writing Instructional Units

· Write Instructor Guides

• Components

• Scripts

• Other Supplemental Instructional Resources

• Conventions

• Standard Facilitation Vocabulary

· Write Participant Guides

· Case Study

· Reflection Questions

· References

· Introduction

· Towards Inclusive ID I&E Practice

· Implementation Plans

• Logistics

• Adoption

· Summative Evaluation and Continuous Improvement

• Decision Makers

• Answering Executives’ Questions

· Combined Evaluation and Needs Assessment

· Maintenance and Continuous Improvement

• Maintenance Guidelines

• Continuous Improvement Guidelines

· Data Collection

· Case Study

· Reflection Questions

· References

· Introduction

· Background: The ID’s Dilemma

• Observational Apprenticeships

· Grow Sources of Useful Organizational Intelligence

• Model the Organization

• Types of Organizational Truths

• Organizational Truth and DEI Practices

• Build and Refine Business Cases

· Grow Your Own Credibility so Clients Can Trust You

• Techniques for Collaborative Consulting

· When You Can’t Change Clients or the Organization

· Keep Clients Happy (And Not Annoyed)

· Case Study

· Reflection Questions

· References

· Looking Backwards: Origins of the LeaPS ID Model

• Evolution of the LeaPS ID Model

• What the LeaPS ID Model Adds

· Looking Ahead: Where Researchers and Practitioners Can Go Next

• Future LeaPS ID Research

• Future LeaPS ID Model Practices

· Reflection Questions

· References

· Glossary

· References

· Index